Part I: READING AND WRITING: FROM READING TO WRITING.
1. Reading Critically.
Kinds of Reading. Steps to Critical Reading. Read Actively.
Demystify the Writer. Understand What You Read. Imagine an Opposing
Point of View for All Opinions. Look for Biases and Hidden
Assumptions. Separate Emotion from Fact. If the Issue Is New to
You, Look up the Facts. Use Insights from One Subject to Illuminate
or Correct Another. Evaluate the Evidence. Ponder the Values behind
a Claim. Recognize Logical Fallacies. Don't Be Seduced by Bogus
Claims. Annotate Your Reading. Finally, Be Sure You Understand the
Writer's Opening Context. Answers to Critical Reading Questions on
Andy Rooney.
2. Rhetoric: The Art of Persuasion.
Road Map to Rhetoric. Grammar and Rhetoric. The Importance of Good
Grammar. Letting the Habits of Literate Writers Be the Final
Referee. Exercises. The Importance of Rhetoric. Audience and
Purpose. The Internal Reader/Editor. Levels of English. Writing as
a Process. Writing about Visual Images. Writing on Social Networks.
Advice.
What--and How--to Write When You Have No Time to Write / Donald
Murray. Examples. I Have a Dream / Martin Luther King, Jr. Letter
to Horace Greeley / Abraham Lincoln. Chapter Writing Assignments.
Pointer from a Pro: Write Often. Real-Life Student Writing. Email
from Samoa.
3. Synthesis: Incorporating Outside Sources.
Road Map to Synthesis. Building Blocks of Incorporating Outside
Sources. Paraphrase.
Exercises. Summary. Exercises. Quotation. Exercises. Guidelines for
Effectively Synthesizing Outside Sources. Guidelines for Thinking
and Reading Critically. Guidelines for Improving Your Use of
Outside Sources. Writers at Work: Strategies for Incorporating
Outside Sources. Writers at Work: Using Paraphrase and Summary.
Writers at Work: Using Quotation. Chapter Writing Assignment:
Writing a Synthesis Essay. Sources. The Death of Horatio Alger /
Paul Krugman. By Our Own Bootstraps / W. Michael Cox and Richard
Alm. Long Live the American Dream / Shikha Dalmia. Essay Prompts.
Suggestions for Additional Reading.
4. The Writer's Voice.
Road Map to Writer's Voice. Why Did the Chicken Cross the Road?
Vocabulary. Syntax.
Attitude. Exercises. Advice. Tone: The Writers' Voice in the
Reader's Mind / Mort Castle. Examples. Salvation / Langston Hughes.
Parkinson's Disease and the Dream Bear / Anthony C. Winkler.
Chapter Writing Assignments. Real-Life Student Writing.
A Thank-You Note to an Aunt.
5. The Writer's Thesis.
Road Map to Thesis. Finding Your Thesis. Key Words in the Thesis.
Characteristics of a Good Thesis. Nine Errors to Avoid in Composing
a Thesis. The Explicit Versus the Implicit Thesis. Exercises.
Advice. The Thesis / Sheridan Baker. Examples. Remarks on the Life
of Sacco and on His Own Life and Execution / Bartolomeo Vanzetti. A
Good Man is Hard to Find / Flannery O'Connor. Chapter Writing
Assignments. Real-Life Student Writing. A Eulogy to a Friend Killed
in a Car Wreck.
6. Organizing Ideas.
Road Map to Organizing. Organizing the Short Essay. Organizing the
Long Essay. Planning by Listing Supporting Materials. Organizing
with a Formal Outline. Exercises. Advice. Write to Be Understood /
Jim Staylor. Examples. Rules for Aging / Roger Rosenblatt. That
Time of Year (Sonnet 73) / William Shakespeare. Chapter Writing
Assignments. Real-Life Student Writing. Note from a Graduate
Student to a Department Secretary.
7. Developing Good Paragraphs.
Road Map to Paragraphs. Parts of the Paragraph. Supporting
Details.
Topic Sentence Developed over More Than One Paragraph. Position of
the Topic Sentence. Paragraph Patterns. Characteristics of a
Well-designed Paragraph. Writing Your Own Paragraphs. Exercises.
Advice. Writing Successful Paragraphs / A. M. Tibbetts and Charlene
Tibbetts. Examples. Paragraphs with the Topic Sentence at the
Beginning. From the Lessons of the Past / Edith Hamilton.
Paragraphs with the Topic Sentence at the End. Man against Darkness
/ W. T. Stace. Chapter Writing Assignments. Real-Life Student
Writing. Letter of Application to an Honors Program.
Part II: PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENT.
Patterns of Development for the Subject Guilt."
8. Narration.
Road Map to Narration. What Narration Does. When to Use Narration.
How to Write a Narrative. Warming Up to Write a Narrative.
Examples. My Name Is Margaret / Maya Angelou. Shame / Dick Gregory.
Issue for Critical Thinking and Debate: Terrorism. My Accidental
Jihad / Krista Bremer. The Real War / Thomas L. Friedman.
Punctuation Workshop: The Period. Student Corner. Terrorism:
America in Fear / Jeffrey Metherell. How I Write. My Writing Tip.
Chapter Writing Assignments. Image Gallery Writing Assignment.
Pointer from a Pro: Be Concise.
9. Description.
Road Map to Description. What Description Does. When to Use
Description. How to Write a Description. Warming Up to Write a
Description. Examples. The Libido for the Ugly / H. L. Mencken.
Hell / James Joyce. Issue for Critical Thinking and Debate: Self-
Image. Body Image / Cindy Maynard. Beauty: When the Other Dancer Is
the Self / Alice Walker. Punctuation Workshop: The Comma. Student
Corner. Body Modification--Think about It! / Shelley Taylor. How I
Write. My Writing Tip. Chapter Writing Assignments.
Pointer from a Pro: Write about the Familiar.
10. Process Analysis.
Road Map to Process Analysis. What Process Analysis Does. When to
Use Process Analysis. How to Write a Process Analysis. Warming Up
to Write a Process Analysis. Examples. My Strangled Speech / Dan
Slater. Hunting Octopus in the Gilbert Islands / Sir Arthur
Grimble. Issue for Critical Thinking and Debate: Bullying.
10. Common Myths and Misconceptions about Bullying / Sherri M.
Gordon.
The Three Little Pigs and the Big Bad Wolf / Anonymous. Punctuation
Workshop: The Semicolon. Student Corner. Bullied / Gunnar Neuman.
How I Write. My Writing Tip. Chapter Writing Assignments. Image
Gallery Writing Assignment. Pointer from a Pro: Be Sincere.
11. Illustration/Exemplification.
Road Map to Illustration/Exemplification. What
Illustration/Exemplification Does. When to Use Illustration. How to
Use Illustration. Warming Up to Write an Illustration. Examples.
The Myth of the Latin Woman: I Just Met a Girl Named Maria / Judith
Ortiz Cofer. "Mirror, Mirror, on the Wall�" / John Leo. Issue for
Critical Thinking and Debate: Drugs and Society. How We Get
Addicted / Michael D. Lemonick. Have We Lost the War on Drugs? /
Gary S. Becker and Kevin M. Murphy. Punctuation Workshop: The Dash.
Student Corner. Solving the Drug Problem in the United States /
Jordan Dubini. How I Write. My Writing Tip. Chapter Writing
Assignments. Image Gallery Writing Assignment. Pointer from a Pro:
Be Clear.
12. Definition.
Road Map to Definition. What Definition Does. When to Use
Definition. How to Use Definition. Warming Up to Write a
Definition. Examples. Entropy / K. C. Cole. America's Invisibly
Wounded Soldiers / David Finkel. Issue for Critical Thinking and
Debate: Immigration. Illegal Immigrants Are Bolstering Social
Security with Billions / Eduardo Porter. Wide-open Spaces / Bill
Bryson. Punctuation Workshop: The Apostrophe. Student Corner.
Immigrants in America / Dave Herman. How I Write My Writing Tip.
Chapter Writing Assignments. Image Gallery Writing Assignment.
Pointer from a Pro: Let Your Writing Percolate.
13. Comparison/Contrast.
Road Map to Comparison/Contrast. What Comparison/Contrast Does When
to Use Comparison/Contrast. How to Use Comparison/Contrast. Warming
Up to Write a Comparison/Contrast. Examples. Real Work / Rick
Bragg. Grant and Lee: A Study in Contrasts / Bruce Catton. Issue
for Critical Thinking and Debate: Online Dating.
The Truth about Online Dating / Robert Epstein. Evaluating Internet
Dating / Tim Daughtry. Punctuation Workshop: The Question Mark.
Student Corner. "OMGILY2!!" Online Dating Is at Your Own Risk /
Kindra M. Neuman. How I Write. My Writing Tip. Chapter Writing
Assignments. Image Gallery Writing Assignment. Pointer from a Pro:
Conquer Writer's Block.
14. Division/Classification.
Road Map to Division/Classification. What Division/Classification
Does. When to Use Division/Classification. How to Use
Division/Classification. Warming Up to Write a
Division/Classification. Examples. The Six Stages of E-Mail / Nora
Ephron. Kinds of Discipline / John Holt. Issue for Critical
Thinking and Debate: Racism. Warriors Don't Cry / Melba Patillo
Beals. Incidents with White People / Sarah L . and A . Elizabeth
Delany. Punctuation Workshop: The Colon. Student Corner. Color of
Their Skin AND Content of Their Character / Carrie Moore. How I
Write. My Writing Tip. Chapter Writing Assignments. Image Gallery
Writing Assignment. Pointer from a Pro: Use Definite, Specific,
Concrete Language.
15. Causal Analysis.
Road Map to Causal Analysis. What Causal Analysis Does. When to Use
Causal Analysis How to Use Causal Analysis. Warming Up to Write a
Causal Analysis. Examples. A Peaceful Woman Explains Why She
Carries a Gun / Linda M. Hasselstrom. Bricklayer's Boy / Alfred
Lubrano. Issue for Critical Thinking and Debate: The Status of
Women. The New Feminism / Kate Gubata. The Farce of Feminism /
Rebecca E. Rubins. Punctuation Workshop: The Exclamation Point.
Student Corner. "Woman" Is a Noun / Paula Rewa. How I Write. My
Writing Tip. Chapter Writing Assignments. Image Gallery Writing
Assignment. Pointer from a Pro: Scrap Adverbs and Adjectives.
16. Argumentation and Persuasion.
Road Map to Argumentation and Persuasion. What Argumentation and
Persuasion Do. When to Use Argumentation and Persuasion. How to Use
Argumentation and Persuasion. Warming Up to Write an Argument.
Examples. Why Don't We Complain? / William F. Buckley, Jr. A Modest
Proposal / Jonathan Swift. Issue for Critical Thinking and Debate:
Homelessness. Homeless / Anna Quindlen. The Homeless Lack a
Political Voice, But Not American Ideals / Matt Lynch. Punctuation
Workshop: Quotation Marks.
Student Corner. People Out on a Limb / Antoinette Poodt. How I
Write. My Writing Tip. Chapter Writing Assignments. Image Gallery
Writing Assignment. Pointer from a Pro: Read Well, Write Well.
17. Combining the Modes.
Road Map to the Modes. What Combining the Modes Does. When to
Combine the Modes. How to Use Combined Modes. Examples. Will
Spelling Count? / Jack Connor. Once More to the Lake / E. B. White.
Issue for Critical Thinking and Debate: The New Technology. No
Technology? No Problem / Eric Brende. Beware the Apps! / Lacreta
Scott. Punctuation Workshop: Using Other Punctuation with Quotation
Marks. Student Corner. Thoughts about the Internet / Charlie
Sorensen. How I Write. My Writing Tip.
Chapter Writing Assignments. Image Gallery Writing Assignment.
Pointer from a Pro: Avoid Noun Clusters.
Part III: REWRITING YOUR WRITING.
The Editing Booth. Revising. Editing. Rule 1: Make Your Title
Descriptive. Rule 2: Begin with a Simple Sentence. Rule 3: Prune
Deadwood. Rule 4: Do Not Overexplain. Rule 5: Be Specific. Rule 6:
Avoid Trite Expressions. Rule 7: Use the Active Voice. Rule 8: Make
Your Statements Positive. Rule 9: Keep to One Tense. Rule 10: Place
Key Words at the Beginning or End of a Sentence. Rule 11: Prune
Multiple Ofs. Rule 12: Break Up Noun Clusters. Rule 13: Use
Exclamation Points Sparingly. Rule 14: Vary Your Sentences. Rule
15: Keep Your Point of View Consistent. Rule 16: Use Standard
Words. Rule 17: End with Impact. Editing an Actual Essay.
Part IV: THE RESEARCH PAPER.
Why English Instructors Assign Research Papers. How to Choose Your
Topic. How to Narrow Your Subject. The Process of Writing the
Paper. Preparing "Works Cited" or "References." Writing the Final
Copy. Annotated Student Research Paper: Modern Language Association
(MLA) Style. A Victory for Readers? Copyright Law and Google Book
Search / Nick Penaranda. Annotated Student Research Paper: American
Psychological Association (APA) Style. Development of a Scale to
Detect Sexual Harassers: The Potential Harasser Scale (PHS) /
Leanne M. Masden and Rebecca B. Winkler. Exercises.
Part IV: SUGGESTIONS FOR WRITING.
Glossary.
Index."
Born in Belgium, the daughter of an American minister, Jo Ray McCuen-Metherell had moved from Brussels to Paris to Bern, Switzerland, by the time she was seven years old. In Bern, she attended the Freies Gymnasium and spoke not only fluent French and German but also English, which was the language spoken to her by her American parents. After World War II, Dr. McCuen-Metherell's parents sent her and her brother to Pacific Union College (in California's Napa Valley), where she received a B. A. in English. She taught English and French in high school for several years and then took night classes at the University of Southern California, where she earned an M.A. and Ph.D. While working on her doctorate, she was hired to teach English at Glendale Community College and later to serve as Dean of the Evening College. A chance meeting in 1973 with Anthony C. Winkler, a successful novelist, led to a literary partnership that has produced 15 coauthored textbooks used at colleges and universities across the United States. Born in Kingston, Jamaica West Indies, Anthony C. Winkler was educated in Jamaica at Excelsior College, Mount Alvernia Academy and Cornwall College, the last two being in Montego Bay. He was also educated at Citrus Community College, Glendora, California. Winkler taught briefly at Pasadena City College and for a year at Moneague Teachers College in Saint Anne, Jamaica, an experience chronicled in GOING HOME TO TEACH (1995). From 1968 to 1975 Winkler had sales territories as a bookman for Appleton Century Crofts textbook publishers, and later for Scott, Foresman. In 1969 he decided he could write textbooks as well as anyone. Through a chance meeting with the sales representative of another company, he submitted the manuscript POETRY AS SYSTEM and was offered a contract for its publication. Eventually, he met Jo Ray McCuen-Metherell and the two became textbook writers and collaborators. Over the years they have produced more than a dozen textbooks, most on rhetoric and writing. In addition to Winkler's textbooks, his body of work includes, among other books: THE PAINTED CANOE (novel, 1983); THE LUNATIC (novel, 1987); THE GREAT YACHT RACE (novel, 1992); DOG WAR (novel, 2006); TRUST THE DARKNESS: MY LIFE AS A WRITER (autobiography, 2008); THE BURGLARY (play, premiered in Toronto in 2005); THE LUNATIC (movie, filmed in 1991); THE ANNIHILATION OF FISH (movie, 1999); and BOB MARLEY, AN INTIMATE PORTRAIT BY HIS MOTHER (biography, 1996, with Cedella Booker).
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