Table of Contents

General background issues. Introduction: some empirical and theoretical issues, Joshua A. Fishman; The international role of English - the state of the discussion, Andrew W. Conrad; The ongoing spread of English - a comparative analysis of former Anglo-American colonies with non-colonies, Alma Rubal-Lopez; The American sphere of influence: English in Cuba - from imperial design to the imperative need, Dolores Corona, Ofelia Garcia; The position of English in Mexico - 1940-1993, Margarita Hidalgo et al; English under U.S. sovereignty - ninety-five years of change of the status of English in Puerto Rico, Carlos M. Ramirez-Gonzalez, Roame Torres-Gonzalez; The English language in Quebec - 1940-1990, Calvin Veltmann;. The European Union: The European Union (EU - formerly European Community) - status change of English during the last fifty years, Ulrich Ammon; The British sphere of influence: A tale of two Englishes - the imperial language in post-colonial Kenya and Uganda, Alamin M. Mazrui, Ali A. Mazrui; English in South Africa - 1940-1996, Daryl McLean , Kay McCormick; English in Sudan, Anwar Wagi'alla; Post-imperial English in Nigeria - 1940-1990, Ayo Bamgbose; The swinging pendulum - English in Tanzania - 1940-1990, Saida Yahya-Othman, Herman Batibo; The life-cycle of post-imperial English in Cameroon, Beban Sammy Chumbow, Agustin Simo Bobda; Fifty years of English in Singapore - all gains, (a) few losses? Makhan L. Tickoo; The status of English in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) - 1940-1990, Fawwaz Al-Abd, Oqlah Smadi; The post-imperial status of English in Sri-Lanka - 1940-1990 - from first to second language, Chitra Fernando; Post-imperial English in Malaysia, Asmah Haji Omar; English in Israel after independence, Bernard Spolsky; The spread of English in India - politics of language conflict and language power, Hans Raj Dua; English in Papua New Guinea , James Oladejo. Summary and interpretation - post-imperial English - 1940-1990, Joshua A. Fishman.