Table of Contents

Preface  vii

1. Introduction and Overview of Landslide Problems  1

Overall Significance of Landslides  2

Distribution of Landslide Hazards Worldwide  9

Loss of Human Life  10

Economic Consequences  13

Examples of Detailed Economic Analyses of Landslide Damages  15

Other Environmental Impacts  20

2. Characteristics of Various Types of Landslides  23

Classification Systems  23

Broad Functional Categorization of Mass Wasting Processes  24

3. Natural Factors Influencing Landslides  41

Geological Factors  41

Geomorphic Factors  55

Hydrologic Factors 67

Seismicity  110

Volcanic Activity 117

4. Landslide Analysis  121

Analysis of Stresses Within Slopes and Initiation Mechanisms of Landslides  121

Quantifying Landslide Trigger Mechanisms  124

Primary Causes of Landslides  129

Problems in Applying Theoretical Stability Analysis to Natural Hillslopes 134

Hazard Assessment and Prediction Methods  139

Overview of Techniques and Methodologies  139

Terrain Hazard Mapping  139

Simple Rainfall-Landslide and Earthquake-Landslide Relationships  145

Multi-Factor, Empirical Landslide Hazard Assessment 150

Distributed, Physically Based Models 155

Overview of Landslide Hazard Assessment and Prediction Methods 160

Land Use and Global Change 163

Timber Harvesting  163

Roads and Other Transportation Corridors  183

Conversion of Forests to Agricultural Lands and Plantations  203

Management Effects  203

Control and Avoidance Practices Amidst the Politics  206

Steepland Grazing and Grasslands 209

Management Effects 209

Avoidance and Control Practices 211

Fire  213

Management Effects  213

Avoidance and Control Practices  216

Urban, Residential, and Industrial Development  217

Background and Vulnerability  217

Direct Effects  219

Avoidance and Mitigation Measures  223

Urban planning and regulation 224

Control and mitigation measures  229

Mining  230

Tourism and Recreation  235

Global Climate Change 236

7. Summary 239

Notation 243

References  247

Index 307

About the Author

Roy C. Sidle is the author of Landslides: Processes, Prediction, and Land Use, published by Wiley. Hirotaka Ochiai is the author of Landslides: Processes, Prediction, and Land Use, published by Wiley.